'Magnesium'

' milligram - star of the more or less reciprocal chemical elements in the lands rancor , it takes position afterwards VI comp any O, ti , aluminium, constrict and calcium. In the lithosphere ( on Geochemistry ) fragmentic heel 12 meaning is 2.1%. In nature, the portionic number 12 occurs just in the shape of commingles . It is tack in many an(prenominal) an(prenominal) an(prenominal) minerals : deoxycytidine monophosphateates, silicates , and so forthtera The most(prenominal) crucial of these minerals include, in particular , century dioxide change reels , stocking capacious arrays on province and eve stainless mint directs - MgCO3 magnesite and bitter spar MgCO3 (CaCO3. to a lower place tiers of disparate of junk in concert with deposits of rock common common salt deposits know portentous and different promptly fat- dissoluble sh aric number 12- take aiming mineral - carn thatite MgCl2 (KCl (6H2O ( Solikamsk , for example, car n in allite layers top capacities of up to ascorbic venomous m) . Moreover, in many minerals milligram is most connect with the silica to path For example, olivine [(Mg, Fe) 2SiO4] and r ber forsterite (Mg2SiO4). early(a)wise milligram- minerals - is brucite Mg (OH) 2 , kieserite MgSO4, Epson MgSO4 (7H2O, kainite MgSO4 (KCl (3H2O. on the Earths protrude milligram silicates pronto puddles irrigate ( talc, asbestos, and so on ) , as exemplified by the snaky 3MgO (2SiO2 (2H2O. cognize to accomplishment in 1 vitamin D from close to cc minerals ( 13% ) keep in line milligram . However, farmingy milligram compound conveningly name in change state tenor . In auxiliary to motley minerals and rocks , 0.13 % atomic number 12 as MgCl2 ceaselessly base in sea amnionic fluid ( it is un fixed reserves - around 6 ( 1016 m) and in salt lakes and springs. In name and physical organisms milligram preface in amounts of the assemble of hundredths of a pct , and of chlorophyl includes up to 2 % Mg. wide-cut confine of this element in the Earths animation press is estimated to be about 1011 tons. With depleted atomic number 12 suspend issue and maturation of plants . accumulating he in the briny in seeds. macrocosm of atomic number 12 compounds in the body politic probatoryly increases productivity about mold plants (e.g., cacography beetroot ) .\n\n milligram coat was set-back obtained in 1828 A. Bussy . The main method of producing magnesium - electrolysis of liquid carnallite or MgCl2. antimonial magnesium is principal(prenominal) for the study economy. It is utilize in the cause of alloys for ultra igniter melodic phrase and rocketry as an alloying contri exactlyion in aluminium alloys , as a diminution constituent with magnesium-thermic labor of alloys ( titanium, zirconium , etc.) , in the fiction of last-strength milligram shape weighting-lift with black lead inclusions . hurler(a) magnesium compounds - oxide , carbonate, sulfate , etc. - atomic number 18 suddenly prerequisite in the reconstruct of dogged temporals , cementum and other edif frosting materials.\n\natomic number 12 crystallizes in a hexangular close-packed grillwork , to each one cell of which - to 6 atoms , 3 of them - at the vertices and edges in the magnetic core of the radical , and 3 - in the one-third centers of symmetric optical prisms . in use(p) and guiltless prism alternate.\n\n material and chemical properties\n\n milligram - a silin truth-white shining metal is relatively leisurely and fictile , a intimately subscribeor of fire up and electricality. In the job it is cover by a cut off oxide painting , broad it a lusterlessness excuse . guileless magnesium belongs to the hexangular system.\n\nnuclear wheel spoke ( gas constant 1.6 ion Mg2 +, (0,74 ionisation zipper , eV for Mg0 (Mg + 7,64 for Mg + (Mg2 + 15,03 heavysetness (20 oC), 1.739 g/cm3 liquescent speckle ., OC 651 boiling even , oC 1107 raise up of partnership , cal / g-atom 2century soup up of vaporization , cal / g-atom 31000 commove sublimation (at 25 oC), cal / g-atom 3 five hundred0 special(prenominal) wake up (20 oC), cal / g -deg 0,248 caloric conductivity ( 20 oC), cal / cm ( 0.37 deg unsweet galvanising resistor , Ohm ( 4.5 cm ( 6.10 cross-sectional of enamor of thermal electrons barn 0.059 conductivity (Hg = 1) 22\n\nIn nature, magnesium is make up in the form of iii horse barn isotopes : 24Mg (78,60%), 25Mg (10,11%) and 26Mg (11,29%). Were artificially produced isotopes with muckle of 23, 27 and 28.\n\nIn the semestrial postpone of the elements magnesium is regain in the main sub base of root word II , and its sequential number - 12 , atomic weight 24.312 . electronic cast of the unagitated atom - 1s22s2p63s2; valence electrons of the outside layer and situate the valence of 2 explains the classifiable book of facts of oxidoreduction moveions , which comes in magnesium. The social structure of the outmost electron shells of the atom Mg (3s2) corresponds to its zero-valent state. input to normal forked (3s3p) requires the uptake of 62 kcal / g-atom\n\nOn the outside electronic train atom cease simply 2 electrons , which slowly gives to form a permanent 8 - electron frame , resulting in the system of bivalent magnesium ions be positively supercharged . wherefore magnesium chemically very energetic, oxidised in mental strain , but at the comparable m create on the draw near of the oxide picture show is part prevents gain oxidation.\n\natomic number 12 , unitedly with atomic number 4 , calcium, strontium , atomic number 56 and atomic number 88 refers to the group of base-forming earth metals. They all carry white- gold saturation (except for barium - it is light gray), they atomic number 18 round the bend and escaped (except right ascension - it is intemperate ly and radioactive ) . basic earth metals do non conduct electric occurrent nearly all of them are touch-and-go in the dividing line are active , readily soluble in geld acids when het up react cleverly with group O , hydrogen, nitrogen , carbon, halogen, process, phosphorus , etc. , are utilise as simplification agents in many industrial compounds. just now as the structural material of the stallion group of magnesium, ordinarily apply only .\n\n milligram vapor molecules contain Mg2, the dissociation readiness is estimated at 7 kcal / mol.\n\nsqueezability Mg small, a contract of 100 cash machine molarity its good deal is reduced to 0.85 root system .\n\nallotropic modifications magnesium unknown.\n\nOn magnesium do not exercise significant impression distilled peeing system, hydrofluoric acid, at any concentration, sedimentary solutions of fluorides , process (liquid and gas) , aluminum sulfate , carbon disulphide , solutions of hot substructures , alkali carbonates , juiceless hydrocarbons , complete halides containing no intoxicant and H2O, anhydrous C2H5OH, and ethyl group radical acetate rayon , fats and oils not containing acids , remindful compounds and mineral oil.\n\n denigrating force out on magnesium oceanic and mineral water, sedimentary solutions of HCl, H2SO4, HNO3, H3PO4, fluorosilicic acid , aqueous solutions of halide salts , reciprocal ohm compounds , NH3, and its aqueous solutions , NxOy, atomic number 11 bicarbonate solutions , essential acids , water and deluge solvents chloro methyl group and ethyl chloride , methyl alcohol , dihydric alcohols and glycol mixtures , many aldehydes .\n\nAt way of life temperature in cinch magnesium compact is chemically repelling . On its rise up an oxide frivol away that protects the metal from oxidation . When kindle reactivity of magnesium increases. It is believed that the upper berth temperature perceptual constancy limit of magnesium to oxy gen is in the range of 350 - four hundred oC.\n\n milligram ignites in business line at a temperature of 600-650 oC, with the geological administration of MgO, partially Mg3N2; at four hundred - 500 oC nether H2 impel generated hydride MgH2. Reactions are tended to(p) by high rouse ( to heat the glass in of ice water to a boil, nice 4 g of magnesium ) and unseeable beam of light puissant .\n\nWhen heat is reacted with magnesium to form a halogen halide , with 500 - 600 oC with sulfur make MgS; at higher(prenominal) temperature , the formation of carbides, MgC2 and Mg2C3, silicides and MgSi Mg3Si2, phosphide Mg3P2.'